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Study Guide – Exam #2

Blood Identification, Blood typing and Blood spatter labs.

1. List the two cell types that make up the formed elements of blood.
2. Which blood cell type is used for blood typing and which blood cell type is used for DNA fingerprint analysis?
3. Which blood type is considered the universal donor and which blood type is considered the universal recipient and why?
4. Which blood type is most common and which blood type is least common in the United States?
5. What does it mean to be Rh positive?
6. Know that approximately 85% of Americans are Rh positive.
7. How does hemolytic disease of the newborn develop?
8.  Know for each blood type which type of antibody(s) would be present in a person’s blood stream.
9. How does luminal detect blood?
10. What is oligospermia?
11. Draw an antibody and indicate the part of the antibody that binds to an antigen.
12. Be able to answer the appropriate assessment questions that are a part of the Whodunit Lab Activity.
13. Know the definitions of following key bloodstain patterns on page 6 of the blood spatter lab:  angle of impact, cast off spatter, impact site, origin, satellite spatters and transfer pattern.
14. Be able to answer the appropriate assessment questions that are a part of the Blood Spatter Lab Activity.
15. Describe how blood spatter analysis was used to exonerate Sam Sheppard.
16. Explain how DNA evidence was used in the O.J. Simpson case.

DNA fingerprinting Lab

1. Know the types of bodily fluids that DNA can be isolated from at a crime scene.
2. What do restriction enzymes do?
3. If given a strand of DNA be able to write down the sequence of the opposing strand of DNA.
4. List the three steps in a cycle of PCR and what happens at each of the steps.
5. Know the approximate temperature at each step of a PCR cycle.
6. Is DNA a negatively charged molecule or a positively charged molecule?
7. Do larger DNA fragments migrate faster or slower than small sized DNA fragments and why?
8. Do DNA molecules migrate from the negative electrode to the positive electrode or the other way around?
9. How is PCR used in PGD?
10. Know how to measure volumes using the P20 and P200 micropipettors.
11. Be able to interpret DNA fingerprints.
12. Where does agarose come from?
13. Be able to answer the appropriate assessment questions that are a part of the DNA fingerprinting lab.
14. Be able to answer the DNA puzzler handout questions.
15. Describe CODIS.
16. What does the acronym STR stand for and why are STR's valuable in DNA fingerprint analysis?
17. What does the acronym RFLP stand for?